Psychosocial and Daily Living Experiences Following Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-altering condition with long-term consequences for physical functioning, psychological well-being, and social participation. Understanding the lived experiences of individuals with SCI is essential to inform patient-centered and comprehensive rehabilitation services. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the emotional, physical, and social challenges experienced by individuals living with SCI and to identify key themes influencing adaptation following injury. Methodology: A qualitative study design was employed using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 individuals living with SCI. Participants varied by age, gender, injury severity, and time since injury. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis to generate core themes related to emotional adjustment, functional limitations, social experiences, and rehabilitation needs. Results: Participants described early emotional distress characterized by shock and anger, followed by gradual adjustment; 60% reported reaching a stage of emotional adaptation and acceptance. Loss of independence and social isolation were frequently reported, with many participants describing reduced participation in social activities and weakened connections with pre-injury networks. Common physical complications included chronic pain (75%), muscle spasms (55%), and pressure sores (35%). Despite these challenges, resilience was evident through adaptive coping strategies such as goal setting, problem-solving, and reliance on family and peer support. Access to rehabilitation services was viewed as central to functional recovery; however, several participants reported unmet long-term healthcare needs. Conclusion: Individuals with SCI experience complex emotional, physical, and social challenges that persist beyond the acute phase of injury. Comprehensive rehabilitation programs should integrate psychological support, ongoing management of secondary complications, and strategies to improve long-term healthcare access and social reintegration. Addressing both physical and psychosocial needs is critical to enhance quality of life and support successful adaptation after SCI.